Downsizing 1 Downsizing Effects on Survivors: Layoffs, Offshoring & Outsourcing

In a representative sample of 13,683 U.S. employees, we compared survivors of layoffs, offshoring, outsourcing, and their combinations to a group who experienced no downsizing. Survivors of layoffs perceived lower organizational performance, job security, affective attachment, calculative attachment, and had higher turnover intentions than the comparison. Offshoring survivors perceived lower performance, fairness, and affective attachment, but outsourcing survivors generally did not have more negative outcomes. Layoffs generally had more negative outcomes than other downsizing forms.